Since Earth was created 4.54 billion years ago the first eon (period of time in geochronology depicting half a billion years or more) in the Earth's history is called the Hadean eon which lasted for until the Archean eon which began 3.8 billion years ago and spanned for 1.5 billion years according to International Stratigraphic Chart, 2009. Hadean time is not a geological period as such. No rocks on the Earth are this old, except for meteorites. During Hadean time, the Solar System was forming, probably within a large cloud of gas and dust around the sun, called an accretion disc. The relative abundance of heavier elements in the Solar System suggests that this gas and dust was derived from a supernova, or supernovas — the explosion of an old, massive star. Heavier elements are generated within stars by nuclear fusion of hydrogen, and are otherwise uncommon. We can see similar processes taking place today in so-called diffuse nebulae in this and other galaxies.
Because collisions between large planetesimals release a lot of heat, the Earth and other planets would have been molten at the beginning of their histories. Solidification of the molten material into rock happened as the Earth cooled. The oldest meteorites and lunar rocks are about 4.5 billion years old, but the oldest Earth rocks currently known are 3.8 billion years. Sometime during the first 800 million or so years of its history, the surface of the Earth changed from liquid to solid. Once solid rock formed on the Earth, its geological history began. This most likely happened prior to 3.8 billion years, but hard evidence for this is lacking. Erosion and plate tectonics has probably destroyed all of the solid rocks that were older than 3.8 billion years. The advent of a rock record roughly marks the beginning of the Archean eon.
If you were able to travel back to visit the Earth during the Archean, you would likely not recognize it as the same planet we inhabit today. The atmosphere was very different from what we breathe today; at that time, it was likely a reducing atmosphere of methane, ammonia, and other gases which would be toxic to most life on our planet today. Also during this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form.
It was early in the Archean that life first appeared on Earth. Our oldest fossils date to roughly 3.5 billion years ago, and consist of bacteria microfossils. In fact, all life during the more than one billion years of the Archean was bacterial. The Archean coast was home to mounded colonies of photosynthetic bacteria called stromatolites. Stromatolites have been found as fossils in early Archean rocks of South Africa and western Australia. Stromatolites increased in abundance throughout the Archean, but began to decline during the Proterozoic eon. They are not common today, but they are doing well in Shark Bay, Australia.
The name Proterozoic comes from the Greek "earlier life” since in this eon life form had started. One of the most important events of the Proterozoic was the gathering up of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere, although oxygen was undoubtedly released by photosynthesis well back in Archean times, it could not build up to any significant degree until chemical sinks.
Throughout the history of the Earth, there have been times when the continental mass came together to form a supercontinent followed by the break-up of the supercontinent and new continents moving apart again. The first supercontinent called Nuna or Columbia was formed about 2.0–1.8 billion years ago. After this supercontinent had broken up another supercontinent called Rodinia was formed 1 billion years ago by accretion and collision of the fragments. After the break-up of Rodinia about 800 million years ago, it is possible the continents joined again around 550 million years ago and this hypothetical supercontinent is sometimes referred to as Pannotia or Vendia. The evidence for it is a phase of continental collision known as the Pan-African orogeny, which joined the continental masses of current-day Africa, South-America, Antarctica and Australia. It is extremely likely, however, that the aggregation of continental masses was not completed, since a continent called Laurentia (roughly equivalent to current-day North America) had already started breaking off around 610 million years ago. It is at least certain that by the end of the Proterozoic eon, most of the continental mass lay united in a position around the south pole.
Wednesday, March 21, 2012
Single Malt Scotch Whisky
A Single Malt Scotch Whisky is the product of one specific distillery and has not been mixed with whisky from any other distilleries. This whisky is produced by pot still distillation process with malted barley as the only grain ingredient in a single distillery and are stored in Oak casks to mature for a minimum period of 3 years although most of them are matured for longer period. Several types of grains like barley, rye and wheat can be malted to produce whisky however, the word "Malt" in case of Single Malt Scotch indicates that the whisky is distilled from a single "malted" grain which is always barley. The word "Single" indicates that all the malts in the bottle come from a single distillery. Multi-distillery malts are usually called "blended malt", "vatted malt" or "pure malt".
The greatest concentration of malt whisky distilleries can be found in the Speyside region of north-east Scotland, with Highland, Lowland and Islay being the other main malt whisky producing zones. Each of these regions has its own particular distinctive style of malt whisky and although it is not possible for two malts to be identical, even if the distilleries that produce them happen to stand side by side, it is usually possible to distinguish in which region of Scotland a particular whisky was made.
Bottlings of single malt can contain whisky from several casks and most often do, whereas the term single single could refer to a bottling from a single cask. The practice of combining exclusively malt whisky from different casks, at a single distillery, is called vatting. Once combined they are sometimes kept in wood for a period to marry.
While Scotland had over a hundred distilleries producing malt, most of that production went into blended Scotches. The few who marketed their malt whisky "straight" were considered the exception to the norm. Fortunately, the past two decades have led to an astonishing growth in the number of single malts available.
Some of the best Single Malt Scotch Whisky are –
GLENFIDDICH 15 YEAR OLD SOLERA RESERVE; THE BALVENIE 21 YEAR PORTWOOD; THE MACALLAN 18 YEAR OLD SINGLE MALT SCOTCH WHISKY; THE GLENLIVET 18 YEAR OLD SINGLE MALT SCOTCH WHISKY; CRAGGANMORE 12 YEAR OLD SINGLE MALT SCOTCH WHISKY; OBAN 14 YEAR OLD SINGLE MALT SCOTCH WHISKY; GLENMORANGIE 18 YEAR OLD SINGLE MALT SCOTCH WHISKY; GLENGOYNE 17 YEAR OLD SINGLE MALT SCOTCH WHISKY; THE DALMORE 15 YEAR SINGLE MALT SCOTCH WHISKY; ARDBEG CORRYVRECKAN; LAPHROAIG QUARTER CASK SINGLE MALT SCOTCH WHISKY; TALISKER 10 YEAR SINGLE MALT SCOTCH WHISKY;
The greatest concentration of malt whisky distilleries can be found in the Speyside region of north-east Scotland, with Highland, Lowland and Islay being the other main malt whisky producing zones. Each of these regions has its own particular distinctive style of malt whisky and although it is not possible for two malts to be identical, even if the distilleries that produce them happen to stand side by side, it is usually possible to distinguish in which region of Scotland a particular whisky was made.
Bottlings of single malt can contain whisky from several casks and most often do, whereas the term single single could refer to a bottling from a single cask. The practice of combining exclusively malt whisky from different casks, at a single distillery, is called vatting. Once combined they are sometimes kept in wood for a period to marry.
While Scotland had over a hundred distilleries producing malt, most of that production went into blended Scotches. The few who marketed their malt whisky "straight" were considered the exception to the norm. Fortunately, the past two decades have led to an astonishing growth in the number of single malts available.
Some of the best Single Malt Scotch Whisky are –
GLENFIDDICH 15 YEAR OLD SOLERA RESERVE; THE BALVENIE 21 YEAR PORTWOOD; THE MACALLAN 18 YEAR OLD SINGLE MALT SCOTCH WHISKY; THE GLENLIVET 18 YEAR OLD SINGLE MALT SCOTCH WHISKY; CRAGGANMORE 12 YEAR OLD SINGLE MALT SCOTCH WHISKY; OBAN 14 YEAR OLD SINGLE MALT SCOTCH WHISKY; GLENMORANGIE 18 YEAR OLD SINGLE MALT SCOTCH WHISKY; GLENGOYNE 17 YEAR OLD SINGLE MALT SCOTCH WHISKY; THE DALMORE 15 YEAR SINGLE MALT SCOTCH WHISKY; ARDBEG CORRYVRECKAN; LAPHROAIG QUARTER CASK SINGLE MALT SCOTCH WHISKY; TALISKER 10 YEAR SINGLE MALT SCOTCH WHISKY;
Thursday, July 14, 2011
A terrorist mind
"And fight in the way of Allah those who fight you. But do not transgress limits. Truly Allah loves not the transgressors."
- Qur'an, Surah Al-Baqarah (2:190)
What makes a terrorist think that s/he shall kill anyone and sometimes get killed him/herself in the process ? Did we get to know these terrorist warriors and suicide bombers? Here are a few reasoning.
We all tend to think of ourselves as conscious, rational beings, but human behavior is largely driven by unconscious attitudes. Based on research conducted among suicide bombers who have failed to complete their missions and are currently in prisons around the world it is found that the psychologically, suicide bombers aren't that different from you and me. They tend to be more idealistic than the rest of us. They're often not the crazed, religious nuts as we usually think. They're also not necessarily people who themselves have suffered great acts of humiliation and are acting out these narratives of revenge. So why do they act so in-humanly and what makes them get so insane?
Rather than individual motivations, it's group psychology that prompts terrorists to commit extreme acts. Human beings are hard-wired to be strongly influenced by the people around them. Whether it's a group of investment bankers in the game of making money, or missionaries preparing to save the world. Small groups of people develop their own norms and aspirations that are different from people outside the group. For terrorist groups, the norms are created by their leaders, and psychologically, the training process is like being in a tunnel where thoughts, ideas and beliefs, are severely constrained. When you have small groups of people who are living in a very constrained world and are intensely loyal to each other the stage is set for manipulators to change the norms of human behavior. The leaders of these terrorist groups are masters in manipulating these groups of individuals and resetting their mind to mould the way they need them to act and it's not difficult to recruit people who are willing to commit acts that would be considered extreme to the outside world. They feel privileged to be a suicide bomber, like being a filmstar.
A terrorist once being reformed by his leader asks himself if he loves Allah more than his own life? Spiritually, he asks whether or not he is willing to sacrifice himself in Allah's Cause against Shaytan's power and the infidel's military forces? Politically, he divides the nations of the world into two following warring camps -
The nations under Islamic rule are termed, the Land of Peace (dar al-Islam)
The remaining nations are called, the Land of War (dar al-Harb)
He then asks himself if he should participate in bringing Allah's rule over the infidels and hypocrites. Intellectually, the answers to those questions are crystal clear to him. Emotionally, his only hurdle to overcome is the fear of death. Once this emotional fear is conquered, the person joyfully takes up the sword to kill and be killed in Allah's Cause, anticipating his entrance into the gates of heavenly Paradise. He believes and suffer exile and strive with might and main, in Allah's cause, he believes with their goods and their persons will achieve the highest rank in the sight of Allah. He will achieve salvation.
Hence, martyrdom makes sense from an Islamic fundamentalist’s perspective. They know that death is the common lot of humanity. It is inescapable. So, rather than desperately clinging to life, they view martyrdom as an ultimate expression of their submission to Allah and Allah’s cause. They sacrifice their lives, because they love Allah, Muhammad, and eternal Paradise more than a few additional years on earth. They believe that martyrdom is the highest expression of their faith in Islam. Ayatollah Khomeini of Iran or more popularly called Imam Khomeini expressed it accurately when he said, "The purest joy in Islam is to kill and be killed for Allah." They brandish their swords, intent upon murdering the enemies of Allah and dying while embracing the Apostle of Islam's pledge, "the gates of Paradise are under the shadows of the swords."
On the other hand
The predominant theme in the Qur'an is forgiveness and peace. Allah (God) is Merciful and Forgiving, and seeks that in His followers. Indeed, most Muslims around the world are found to be peaceful, honest, hard-working, civic-minded people.
In Islam, several things are clear:
Suicide is forbidden. "O ye who believe!... [do not] kill yourselves, for truly Allah has been to you Most Merciful. If any do that in rancour and injustice, soon shall We cast him into the Fire..." (Qur'an 4:29-30).
The taking of life is allowed only by way of justice (i.e. the death penalty for murder), but even then, forgiveness is better. "Nor take life - which Allah has made sacred - except for just cause..." (17:33).
In pre-Islamic Arabia, retaliation and mass murder was commonplace. If someone was killed, the victim's tribe would retaliate against the murderer's entire tribe. This practice was directly forbidden in the Qur'an (2:178-179). Following this statement of law, the Qur'an says, "After this, whoever exceeds the limits shall be in grave chastisement" (2:178). No matter what wrong we perceive as being done against us, we may not lash out against an entire population of people. Harming innocent bystanders, even in times of war, was forbidden by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). This includes women, children, noncombatant bystanders, and even trees and crops. Nothing is to be harmed unless the person or thing is actively engaged in an assault against Muslims.
- Qur'an, Surah Al-Baqarah (2:190)
What makes a terrorist think that s/he shall kill anyone and sometimes get killed him/herself in the process ? Did we get to know these terrorist warriors and suicide bombers? Here are a few reasoning.
We all tend to think of ourselves as conscious, rational beings, but human behavior is largely driven by unconscious attitudes. Based on research conducted among suicide bombers who have failed to complete their missions and are currently in prisons around the world it is found that the psychologically, suicide bombers aren't that different from you and me. They tend to be more idealistic than the rest of us. They're often not the crazed, religious nuts as we usually think. They're also not necessarily people who themselves have suffered great acts of humiliation and are acting out these narratives of revenge. So why do they act so in-humanly and what makes them get so insane?
Rather than individual motivations, it's group psychology that prompts terrorists to commit extreme acts. Human beings are hard-wired to be strongly influenced by the people around them. Whether it's a group of investment bankers in the game of making money, or missionaries preparing to save the world. Small groups of people develop their own norms and aspirations that are different from people outside the group. For terrorist groups, the norms are created by their leaders, and psychologically, the training process is like being in a tunnel where thoughts, ideas and beliefs, are severely constrained. When you have small groups of people who are living in a very constrained world and are intensely loyal to each other the stage is set for manipulators to change the norms of human behavior. The leaders of these terrorist groups are masters in manipulating these groups of individuals and resetting their mind to mould the way they need them to act and it's not difficult to recruit people who are willing to commit acts that would be considered extreme to the outside world. They feel privileged to be a suicide bomber, like being a filmstar.
A terrorist once being reformed by his leader asks himself if he loves Allah more than his own life? Spiritually, he asks whether or not he is willing to sacrifice himself in Allah's Cause against Shaytan's power and the infidel's military forces? Politically, he divides the nations of the world into two following warring camps -
The nations under Islamic rule are termed, the Land of Peace (dar al-Islam)
The remaining nations are called, the Land of War (dar al-Harb)
He then asks himself if he should participate in bringing Allah's rule over the infidels and hypocrites. Intellectually, the answers to those questions are crystal clear to him. Emotionally, his only hurdle to overcome is the fear of death. Once this emotional fear is conquered, the person joyfully takes up the sword to kill and be killed in Allah's Cause, anticipating his entrance into the gates of heavenly Paradise. He believes and suffer exile and strive with might and main, in Allah's cause, he believes with their goods and their persons will achieve the highest rank in the sight of Allah. He will achieve salvation.
Hence, martyrdom makes sense from an Islamic fundamentalist’s perspective. They know that death is the common lot of humanity. It is inescapable. So, rather than desperately clinging to life, they view martyrdom as an ultimate expression of their submission to Allah and Allah’s cause. They sacrifice their lives, because they love Allah, Muhammad, and eternal Paradise more than a few additional years on earth. They believe that martyrdom is the highest expression of their faith in Islam. Ayatollah Khomeini of Iran or more popularly called Imam Khomeini expressed it accurately when he said, "The purest joy in Islam is to kill and be killed for Allah." They brandish their swords, intent upon murdering the enemies of Allah and dying while embracing the Apostle of Islam's pledge, "the gates of Paradise are under the shadows of the swords."
On the other hand
The predominant theme in the Qur'an is forgiveness and peace. Allah (God) is Merciful and Forgiving, and seeks that in His followers. Indeed, most Muslims around the world are found to be peaceful, honest, hard-working, civic-minded people.
In Islam, several things are clear:
Suicide is forbidden. "O ye who believe!... [do not] kill yourselves, for truly Allah has been to you Most Merciful. If any do that in rancour and injustice, soon shall We cast him into the Fire..." (Qur'an 4:29-30).
The taking of life is allowed only by way of justice (i.e. the death penalty for murder), but even then, forgiveness is better. "Nor take life - which Allah has made sacred - except for just cause..." (17:33).
In pre-Islamic Arabia, retaliation and mass murder was commonplace. If someone was killed, the victim's tribe would retaliate against the murderer's entire tribe. This practice was directly forbidden in the Qur'an (2:178-179). Following this statement of law, the Qur'an says, "After this, whoever exceeds the limits shall be in grave chastisement" (2:178). No matter what wrong we perceive as being done against us, we may not lash out against an entire population of people. Harming innocent bystanders, even in times of war, was forbidden by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). This includes women, children, noncombatant bystanders, and even trees and crops. Nothing is to be harmed unless the person or thing is actively engaged in an assault against Muslims.
Sunday, September 12, 2010
Some Novels to Read
Hey all, here again amongst you I come with some real nice novels. I love reading and hence I thought to share with you all some good readable books so go through the list below and enjoy reading.
Jason Bourne series - Rober Ludlum
Kane & Abel - Jeffery archer
Angels & Demons - Dan Brown
Da vinci Code - Dan Brown
Deception Point - Dan Brown
Twilight Saga (Twilight,New Moon,Elipse & Breaking Dawn)
Sigma Protocol - Rober Ludlum
The Matarese circle - Rober Ludlum
Inheritence Cycle(Eragon, The Eldest ,Brisingr) - Christop Paolini
Harry potter Series - J.K. Rowling
Sherlock Holmes (Novels & Short Stories) - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
A Song of Ice and Fire( Juz read oly "A game of Thrones") - George.R.R Martin
LOTR - Tolkien
The Lost Symbol
Inheritance Cycle.
Sons Of Fortune - Jeffrey Archer
Sphere - Michael Chricton
The Day of the Jackal - Frederick Forsyth
Not A Penny More, Not A Penny Less - Jeffrey Archer
Rage Of Angels - Sidney Shieldon
The Final Diagnosis - Arthur Hailey
The Devils Alternative - Frederick Forsyth
James Rollins - Excavation.
Elizabeth Peters - The Love Talker-.
Bram Stoker - The Judge's House.
John Grisham - The Innocent Man.
Tony Hillerman - [Jim Chee 01] - People of Darkness.
F. Paul Wilson - Short Stories.
Douglas Preston & Lincoln Child - Reliquary.
James Patterson - [Alex Cross 01] - Along Came a Spider.
Cormac Mccarthy - No Country for Old Men.
Ken Follett - World Without End.
Grafton, Sue - T is for Trespass.
Patterson, James - Alex Cross 13 - Double Cross (proofed version)
Dan Simmons - The Terror.
Patterson, James and Roughan, Howard - You've Been Warned.
Patricia Briggs - [Mercy 02] - Blood Bound.
Neil Gaiman - American Gods.
Neil Gaiman - Neverwhere.
J. L. Bourne - Day by Day Armageddon.
Kim Harrison - Hollows 1 - Dead Witch Walking.
Jenna Black - [Morgan Kingsley, Exorcist 01] - The Devil Inside.
Ellis, Bret Easton - American Psycho 2.
Sherrilyn Kenyon - [Dark Hunter 17] - Devil May Cry.
Jacquelyn Frank - [Nightwalkers 02] - Gideon.
Charlaine Harris - [Southern Vamp 01] - Dead Until Dark (proofed version)
Stephen King - The Mist
Jason Bourne series - Rober Ludlum
Kane & Abel - Jeffery archer
Angels & Demons - Dan Brown
Da vinci Code - Dan Brown
Deception Point - Dan Brown
Twilight Saga (Twilight,New Moon,Elipse & Breaking Dawn)
Sigma Protocol - Rober Ludlum
The Matarese circle - Rober Ludlum
Inheritence Cycle(Eragon, The Eldest ,Brisingr) - Christop Paolini
Harry potter Series - J.K. Rowling
Sherlock Holmes (Novels & Short Stories) - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
A Song of Ice and Fire( Juz read oly "A game of Thrones") - George.R.R Martin
LOTR - Tolkien
The Lost Symbol
Inheritance Cycle.
Sons Of Fortune - Jeffrey Archer
Sphere - Michael Chricton
The Day of the Jackal - Frederick Forsyth
Not A Penny More, Not A Penny Less - Jeffrey Archer
Rage Of Angels - Sidney Shieldon
The Final Diagnosis - Arthur Hailey
The Devils Alternative - Frederick Forsyth
James Rollins - Excavation.
Elizabeth Peters - The Love Talker-.
Bram Stoker - The Judge's House.
John Grisham - The Innocent Man.
Tony Hillerman - [Jim Chee 01] - People of Darkness.
F. Paul Wilson - Short Stories.
Douglas Preston & Lincoln Child - Reliquary.
James Patterson - [Alex Cross 01] - Along Came a Spider.
Cormac Mccarthy - No Country for Old Men.
Ken Follett - World Without End.
Grafton, Sue - T is for Trespass.
Patterson, James - Alex Cross 13 - Double Cross (proofed version)
Dan Simmons - The Terror.
Patterson, James and Roughan, Howard - You've Been Warned.
Patricia Briggs - [Mercy 02] - Blood Bound.
Neil Gaiman - American Gods.
Neil Gaiman - Neverwhere.
J. L. Bourne - Day by Day Armageddon.
Kim Harrison - Hollows 1 - Dead Witch Walking.
Jenna Black - [Morgan Kingsley, Exorcist 01] - The Devil Inside.
Ellis, Bret Easton - American Psycho 2.
Sherrilyn Kenyon - [Dark Hunter 17] - Devil May Cry.
Jacquelyn Frank - [Nightwalkers 02] - Gideon.
Charlaine Harris - [Southern Vamp 01] - Dead Until Dark (proofed version)
Stephen King - The Mist
Tuesday, March 2, 2010
File Extensions
I haven't been writing for a long time now so thought to comeback with some informations which might very much be of some use to people who get into trouble opening any particular file on computers and end up figuring out that they dont have the required software installed in their beloved machine. So go through the list below comtaining names of softwares required to open related file extensions.
.avi - Audio Video Interleave File
.bat - DOS Batch File
.bmp - Bitmap Image
.com - Command File
.cab - Windows Cabinet File -contains compressed data-used for Windows software installations
.cpl - Windows Control Panel
.dat - Data File (Generic data file created by a specific application and typically accessed only by that application)
.doc - Microsoft Word Document
.exe - Executable File (Runs a program when opened.)
.html - Hypertext Markup Language File (HTML Web page that contains code which displays and formats text and images in a Web browser; ".htm" is the extension typically used by Microsoft FrontPage)
.gif - Graphical Interchange Format File --Image file that may contain up to 256 indexed colors--GIFs are common
.ini - Initialization File -Configuration file that contains settings for Windows programs
.java - Java Source Code File -Program written in the Java programming language, developed by Sun Microsystems
.jar - Java ARchive
.jpeg - JPEG Image File -Compressed graphic format standarized by the JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) group; commonly used for storing digital photos since the format supports upto 24-Bit Color
.log - Log File- Text file that keeps a log of certain events; may be created by the operating system to keep track of system events
.midi - Standard MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) file; contains music data
.mov - Apple QuickTime Movie -Common multimedia format most often used for saving video or movie files
.mpeg - Moving Pictures Expert Group
mp3 - MP3 Audio File -Compressed audio format developed by the Moving Pictures Expert Group
.pps - PowerPoint Slide Show --Slide show created by Microsoft PowerPoint; saved as a completed slide show, which can be viewed by either PowerPoint or PowerPoint Viewer
.ppt - PowerPoint Presentation -Editable slide show created with Microsoft PowerPoint
.pdf - PDF Portable Document file (Adobe Acrobat) (displayable with a Web browser)
.ram - Real Audio Media --Audio file created and saved by RealPlayer
.reg - Registry File -Updates the Windows Registry when run
.rar - WinRAR Compressed Archive
.rom - Read Only Memory Image -Contains data used for restoring or updating the ROM of a certain hardware device; often used for Firmware updates
.rtf - Rich Text Format --Common text file format that supports several types of text
.sys - System File -Stores system settings and variables used by the DOS and Windows operating systems
.vb - VBScript File --Virtual Basic script written in the VBScript scripting language
.vcd - Virtual CD -Disc image of a CD or DVD; recognized by Windows as an actual disc
.war - Web ARchive
.wav - Windows WAVE Sound File --Standard digital audio file format for storing waveform data;
.wma - Windows Media Audio File
.wmv - Windows Media Video File
.xml - .xml -XML (Extensible Markup Language) data file that uses tags to define objects and object attributes
.zip - Zipped File -- File compressed or "zipped" using Zip compression, a common type of compression in which every file in the archive is compressed separately
.avi - Audio Video Interleave File
.bat - DOS Batch File
.bmp - Bitmap Image
.com - Command File
.cab - Windows Cabinet File -contains compressed data-used for Windows software installations
.cpl - Windows Control Panel
.dat - Data File (Generic data file created by a specific application and typically accessed only by that application)
.doc - Microsoft Word Document
.exe - Executable File (Runs a program when opened.)
.html - Hypertext Markup Language File (HTML Web page that contains code which displays and formats text and images in a Web browser; ".htm" is the extension typically used by Microsoft FrontPage)
.gif - Graphical Interchange Format File --Image file that may contain up to 256 indexed colors--GIFs are common
.ini - Initialization File -Configuration file that contains settings for Windows programs
.java - Java Source Code File -Program written in the Java programming language, developed by Sun Microsystems
.jar - Java ARchive
.jpeg - JPEG Image File -Compressed graphic format standarized by the JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) group; commonly used for storing digital photos since the format supports upto 24-Bit Color
.log - Log File- Text file that keeps a log of certain events; may be created by the operating system to keep track of system events
.midi - Standard MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) file; contains music data
.mov - Apple QuickTime Movie -Common multimedia format most often used for saving video or movie files
.mpeg - Moving Pictures Expert Group
mp3 - MP3 Audio File -Compressed audio format developed by the Moving Pictures Expert Group
.pps - PowerPoint Slide Show --Slide show created by Microsoft PowerPoint; saved as a completed slide show, which can be viewed by either PowerPoint or PowerPoint Viewer
.ppt - PowerPoint Presentation -Editable slide show created with Microsoft PowerPoint
.pdf - PDF Portable Document file (Adobe Acrobat) (displayable with a Web browser)
.ram - Real Audio Media --Audio file created and saved by RealPlayer
.reg - Registry File -Updates the Windows Registry when run
.rar - WinRAR Compressed Archive
.rom - Read Only Memory Image -Contains data used for restoring or updating the ROM of a certain hardware device; often used for Firmware updates
.rtf - Rich Text Format --Common text file format that supports several types of text
.sys - System File -Stores system settings and variables used by the DOS and Windows operating systems
.vb - VBScript File --Virtual Basic script written in the VBScript scripting language
.vcd - Virtual CD -Disc image of a CD or DVD; recognized by Windows as an actual disc
.war - Web ARchive
.wav - Windows WAVE Sound File --Standard digital audio file format for storing waveform data;
.wma - Windows Media Audio File
.wmv - Windows Media Video File
.xml - .xml -XML (Extensible Markup Language) data file that uses tags to define objects and object attributes
.zip - Zipped File -- File compressed or "zipped" using Zip compression, a common type of compression in which every file in the archive is compressed separately
Thursday, April 17, 2008
Power of Mind - Can we turn us into magnet ?
The mind is something that helps up to think and take decisions and this is present in all living animals and the most advanced in human being, we all know that. The question is what else can it be used for? I had seen and read about people using their brain to its extent and was intrigued with this object that we call mind or brain. Recently i had come accross some articles and informations and here in i am about to share them with you all taking help of some articles i found online. In an article related to mind energy, read an interesting case where a Polish citizen living in Germany named Miroslaw Magola does something which is a rare human capacity of paranormal nature which is something like this :
Simply by concentrating thoughtfully it is possible for him to lay the flat of his hand upon an upturned object such as wooden boards or heavy ceramic objects, and lift them up into the air. Through the same concentration he can also lift these objects into the air attached to his forehead. He can stick to his skin, various metallic and non-metallic implements like plastic, wood and ceramic some weighing more than a pound. After a performance, he asked some of bewildered spectators to come on stage for further experiments. This is when he sticked a metal object to the forehead of a woman, while he supported the back of her head with his hand. The miracle happened: Although she moved her head wildly up and down, the object kept stuck to her and dropped on the ground as Mr. Magola taken his hand off the back of the woman's head.
Not many people are known to have produced this, ostensibly paranormal phenomenon that, in the very inadequate parapsychological nomenclature, has to be classified as Psychokinetic.
The terms "human magnetism" or "animal magnetism" came into use around 150 years ago, in the time of such well known figures as Franz Anton Mesmer, the famous healer and hypnotist and later other experimental research scientists like Hector Durville and Albert de Rochas. Although it is not a magnetic force in the usual sense of the word. It would be much more accurate to say it is a concentrated will power that results in such fascinating phenomenon such as magnetism among other strange effects. Moreover this phenomenon deals with overcoming the power of gravity, which according to the known and generally accepted laws of physics should not be possible, and yet, as can be clearly seen by people who have witnissed Mr. Magola, is absolutely possible. In various lectures and TV shows, Magola brings these "supernatural" abilities to the interested public and explains his ideas of what lies behind them. This ability is transferable, so that the same effects can also be seen in others and this is supposedly called "switching the brain", which means activating the pineal gland which, exists between the ears, in the center of the head, creating a magnetic force from ionized electrochemicals. But HOW? is something that needs meditation and as Mr. Magola himself had said in an interview with the author of the article, mind energy, he had been busy practicing Qigong (pronounced like chee-kong), an ancient Chinese system of working with the Qi (Chi) energy, which is a system of exercises involving postures, movement, breathing, meditation and mind body interaction.
Simply by concentrating thoughtfully it is possible for him to lay the flat of his hand upon an upturned object such as wooden boards or heavy ceramic objects, and lift them up into the air. Through the same concentration he can also lift these objects into the air attached to his forehead. He can stick to his skin, various metallic and non-metallic implements like plastic, wood and ceramic some weighing more than a pound. After a performance, he asked some of bewildered spectators to come on stage for further experiments. This is when he sticked a metal object to the forehead of a woman, while he supported the back of her head with his hand. The miracle happened: Although she moved her head wildly up and down, the object kept stuck to her and dropped on the ground as Mr. Magola taken his hand off the back of the woman's head.
Not many people are known to have produced this, ostensibly paranormal phenomenon that, in the very inadequate parapsychological nomenclature, has to be classified as Psychokinetic.
The terms "human magnetism" or "animal magnetism" came into use around 150 years ago, in the time of such well known figures as Franz Anton Mesmer, the famous healer and hypnotist and later other experimental research scientists like Hector Durville and Albert de Rochas. Although it is not a magnetic force in the usual sense of the word. It would be much more accurate to say it is a concentrated will power that results in such fascinating phenomenon such as magnetism among other strange effects. Moreover this phenomenon deals with overcoming the power of gravity, which according to the known and generally accepted laws of physics should not be possible, and yet, as can be clearly seen by people who have witnissed Mr. Magola, is absolutely possible. In various lectures and TV shows, Magola brings these "supernatural" abilities to the interested public and explains his ideas of what lies behind them. This ability is transferable, so that the same effects can also be seen in others and this is supposedly called "switching the brain", which means activating the pineal gland which, exists between the ears, in the center of the head, creating a magnetic force from ionized electrochemicals. But HOW? is something that needs meditation and as Mr. Magola himself had said in an interview with the author of the article, mind energy, he had been busy practicing Qigong (pronounced like chee-kong), an ancient Chinese system of working with the Qi (Chi) energy, which is a system of exercises involving postures, movement, breathing, meditation and mind body interaction.
Tuesday, April 15, 2008
Telepathy and Clairvoyance
Here i would like to put some light on the most talked about subject in Para-Phychology, Telepathy and as well something similar by the name Clairvoyance, which we mostly talk about as 6th sense. I had been reading an article of Jane Henry, a senior lecturer at the Open University. Chairman of BPS Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section and as well as OU MBA Creative Management and Creativity, Innovation and Change programmes and the Editor of Consciousness and Experiential Psychology, recently which was named as Telepathy and Clairvoyance. This article puts across the meaning of these terms in the following ways:
TELEPATHY refers to mind-to-mind communication without the intervention of the senses, e.g knowing what somebody is about to say.
CLAIRVOYANCE refers to the mind picking up information from the environment, e.g knowing which card is about to be turned over or what horse will win a race.
They are both forms of ESP (Extra- Sensory Perception), a term which covers any communication between an organism and the environment that is essentially psychic in nature, which means that cannot be accounted for by sensory contact. ESP is well knows and very widely reported throughout history. Around the turn of the century the early psychical researchers collected numerous accounts of psychic phenomena including telepathy and clairvoyance. One common type of telepathy experience is so called CRISIS telepathy, where individuals suddenly become conscious that someone they are mentally close to has died, even though they are physically distant.
There had been a lot of different types of experiments carried on by the early phychologists and their instances and records can be found in the following books out of which Henry and Radin are particularly recommended.
Henry, J. (2000) A-Z of Parapsychology, London: Routledge
Designed to provide a reliable but accessible introduction to research in and explanations for ESP. Contains chapters describing the parapsychological phenomena in question, the research that has been done in the area and explanations for the phenomena.
Radin, D. (1997) The Conscious Universe, San Francisco: Harper Edge
Offers an introduction to parapsychology by one of the leading researchers in the field. Chapter 5 concerns telepathy. Chapters 4, 6 and 7 are also relevant.
Edge, H., Morris, R.L., Palmer, J. and Rush, J. H. (1986) Foundations of Parapsychology, London: Routledge
A text of parapsychology, more advanced reading containing further details of ESP experiments.
Honorton, C. (1985) 'Meta-analysis ofpsi Ganzfeld research: A response to Hyman.' Journal of Parapsychology, 49, p51-91
A key researcher discusses the important meta-analysis of the Ganzfeld data base and attempts to refute sceptics' criticisms and suggest a way forward.
Ullman, M., Krippner, S. and Vaughan, A. (1973) Dream Telepathy, New York: MacMillan
Describes the Maimonades dream telepathy experiments Targ, R. and Harary, K. (1984) The Mind Race, New York: Villard Books Describes the SRI remote viewing experiments.
Sinclair, U. (1962) Mental Radio, Springfield.
Charles Thomas Describes Sinclair's mental radio experiments with his wife. An easy read.
Honorton, C. and Ferrari, D. (1989) 'A meta-analysis of forced-choice pre-cognition experiments', 1935-87, Journal of Parapsychology, 53, 281-308
An analysis of precognitive ESP experiments. Rather technical.
Meta-analyses of all these telepathy and clairvoyance experiments have often shown strikingly positive results. In addition the effect found is consistently much larger in ESP than that found in psychokinesis or mind-over-matter experiments. The effect for ESP experiments is also much greater than that found in many medical experiments, for example the well-known effect of aspirin on heart attack reduction (Radin 1997). Sceptics can discount positive ESP results in less well-controlled experiments as being due to sensory leakage, inference or fraud. However where, as is normally the case now, experimenters announce in advance that they intend to do an ESP experiment and use automated target selection, coding and judging, it is hard to write off the extraordinarily significant effects found in meta-analyses of telepathy and clairvoyance experiments as nothing more than chance.
TELEPATHY refers to mind-to-mind communication without the intervention of the senses, e.g knowing what somebody is about to say.
CLAIRVOYANCE refers to the mind picking up information from the environment, e.g knowing which card is about to be turned over or what horse will win a race.
They are both forms of ESP (Extra- Sensory Perception), a term which covers any communication between an organism and the environment that is essentially psychic in nature, which means that cannot be accounted for by sensory contact. ESP is well knows and very widely reported throughout history. Around the turn of the century the early psychical researchers collected numerous accounts of psychic phenomena including telepathy and clairvoyance. One common type of telepathy experience is so called CRISIS telepathy, where individuals suddenly become conscious that someone they are mentally close to has died, even though they are physically distant.
There had been a lot of different types of experiments carried on by the early phychologists and their instances and records can be found in the following books out of which Henry and Radin are particularly recommended.
Henry, J. (2000) A-Z of Parapsychology, London: Routledge
Designed to provide a reliable but accessible introduction to research in and explanations for ESP. Contains chapters describing the parapsychological phenomena in question, the research that has been done in the area and explanations for the phenomena.
Radin, D. (1997) The Conscious Universe, San Francisco: Harper Edge
Offers an introduction to parapsychology by one of the leading researchers in the field. Chapter 5 concerns telepathy. Chapters 4, 6 and 7 are also relevant.
Edge, H., Morris, R.L., Palmer, J. and Rush, J. H. (1986) Foundations of Parapsychology, London: Routledge
A text of parapsychology, more advanced reading containing further details of ESP experiments.
Honorton, C. (1985) 'Meta-analysis ofpsi Ganzfeld research: A response to Hyman.' Journal of Parapsychology, 49, p51-91
A key researcher discusses the important meta-analysis of the Ganzfeld data base and attempts to refute sceptics' criticisms and suggest a way forward.
Ullman, M., Krippner, S. and Vaughan, A. (1973) Dream Telepathy, New York: MacMillan
Describes the Maimonades dream telepathy experiments Targ, R. and Harary, K. (1984) The Mind Race, New York: Villard Books Describes the SRI remote viewing experiments.
Sinclair, U. (1962) Mental Radio, Springfield.
Charles Thomas Describes Sinclair's mental radio experiments with his wife. An easy read.
Honorton, C. and Ferrari, D. (1989) 'A meta-analysis of forced-choice pre-cognition experiments', 1935-87, Journal of Parapsychology, 53, 281-308
An analysis of precognitive ESP experiments. Rather technical.
Meta-analyses of all these telepathy and clairvoyance experiments have often shown strikingly positive results. In addition the effect found is consistently much larger in ESP than that found in psychokinesis or mind-over-matter experiments. The effect for ESP experiments is also much greater than that found in many medical experiments, for example the well-known effect of aspirin on heart attack reduction (Radin 1997). Sceptics can discount positive ESP results in less well-controlled experiments as being due to sensory leakage, inference or fraud. However where, as is normally the case now, experimenters announce in advance that they intend to do an ESP experiment and use automated target selection, coding and judging, it is hard to write off the extraordinarily significant effects found in meta-analyses of telepathy and clairvoyance experiments as nothing more than chance.
Impulse Control Disorder - Call for therapy
I would love to draw your attention to a very interesting subject of psychology which is called Impulse Control Disorder and i am pretty sure that all of us know atleast a couple of people among our social circle with this disease. This disease or disorder is normally taken by our society as a shade of ones character and because of which we start avoiding and neglecting the patients of this disease that can be cured by proper psychotherapy. I am posting this blog as i find it very interesting to read typical behaviors of people and seek root cause of them. I took help of an online article that i came across recently that mentions about many psychological problems which are characterized by a loss of control or a lack of control in specific situations and usually, this lack of control is part of a pattern of behavior that also involves other maladaptive thoughts and actions, such as substance abuse problems or sexual disorders like the paraphilias (e.g. pedophilia and exhibitionism). When loss of control is only a component of a disorder, it usually does not have to be a part of the behavior pattern, and other symptoms must also be present for the diagnosis to be made. At the same time, there are several psychological disorders that are defined primarily by loss of control. These impulse control problems are described herein briefly and i hope this information may be of some help to those who need a little care :
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Domestic Violence
Kleptomania
Pyromania
Pathological Gambling
Trichotillomania
.
INTERMITTENT EXPLOSIVE DISORDER - Episodes of aggressive outbursts resulting in either destruction of property or physical assaults on others. Typically, this problem results in legal problems as well, because the individual is often charged with assault, or a domestic violence charge.
Loss of control is an essential feature of this disorder. The individual, usually male, has had several incidents of losing control of anger, resulting in aggressive acting out, either by assaulting others, or destroying property. The degree of aggression is always out of proportion to any precipitating factors that might be present (within an argument, for example). Typically, these individuals will not take responsibility for their loss of control, instead blaming the victim, other circumstances in their life, or some third party who may have told them something or said something that "caused" their uncontrolled anger. Lack of control is a central part of the problem, and inability to accept responsibility for the aggression helps to alleviate guilt. It also prevents the individual from making any changes.
This calls for anger management techniques as well as discovering a way to deflect the anger so that it can be controlled.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE - Domestic violence is a particular form of Intermittent Explosive Disorder, because often these individuals only lose control within the context of a close interpersonal relationship. However, many of these individuals have a generalized anger management problem, but control it better outside their own home. The criteria for a diagnosis of intermittent explosive disorder are almost always present in domestic violence situations, except when the violence occurs only in conjunction with substance abuse or intoxication. In those situations, the individual usually meets the criteria for a substance abuse diagnosis. Sometimes, intoxication is also a form of not accepting blame. The individual may choose to become intoxicated prior to a confrontation. This may be because of an inability to confront others. The intoxication removes normal social restraints, and also gives the individual an excuse for loss of control.
Individuals who only lose control within relationships often attach tremendous emotional ultimatums to those relationships. If a person believes that loss of a relationship will doom them forever, then their reaction may be consistent with that belief, even if the belief is false. There are other factors influencing domestic violence that do not always occur in other social conflicts. Within a relationship, each spouse may have specific role expectations for the other spouse. That is, a man may expect his wife to behave a certain way, to think a certain way, and to respond a certain way to him. These expectations may be immature and/or irrational, although commonly held within his social group. These expectations may also serve to increase the emotional tension in the relationship, so that it surpasses his level of control. Since these expectations may not exist in other relationships, he may be able to maintain control outside of the marital relationship.
This is found that the victims of domestic violence rarely receive adequate psychological treatment, because they are viewed as criminals, rather than individuals with psychological problems. Because denial is often a major component of this problem, the power of the courts may act as a motivating factor to move the person into treatment, but will seldom stop the behavior without treatment. The men who cannot control their anger have a number of psychological issues that require treatment, and that this is a mental health issue, not a criminal one. It calls for stress management, and cognitive therapy to change the irrational belief system that triggers the violent behavior.
KLEPTOMANIA - This impulse control problem involves the compulsive stealing of items not needed for their monetary value. Usually, the items are not stolen to express anger or vengeance. There is usually a feeling of tension before stealing, and a sense of pleasure at the time of the theft.
A common misconception is that kleptomania is present in career thieves. This is generally not the case. Some people steal because they have no regard for the laws of society (Conduct Disorder in children and adolescents or Antisocial Personality Disorder in adults). Others may steal out of need or desperation (Adjustment Disorder with conduct disturbance). Still others steal to support a substance abuse problem (the diagnosis would be Substance Abuse).
This is a relatively rare problem, and occurs with a much higher incidence in women than in men. It is also out of character, or as psychologists describe it, ego dystonic. This means that the person does not want to steal, and feels guilty about the behavior. In fact, other than the focus on an illegal act, this disorder has many features in common with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. The essential difference is that, in addition to functioning as an anxiety release, the compulsive behavior in kleptomania also results in a temporary gratification.
PYROMANIA - This psychological problem primarily involves setting fires for pleasure, and experiencing a sense of relief or gratification from the experience. This does not include fires set for monetary gain, to hide criminal activity, or to express anger. The individual usually has a significant fascination with fire.
Additionally, pyromania is not diagnosed when the fire setting activity is part of another psychological problem, such as Conduct Disorder in children, or part of a psychotic process in Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder. This is a very rare problem, and it is usually episodic, occurring infrequently.
PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING - This impulse control problem consists in persistent maladaptive gambling that creates serious life problems for the individual. This is different from recreational gambling, and is diagnosed by the impact it has on your life, and by the lack of control, rather than the amount of money gambled or lost.
Individuals with this problem engage in recurrent maladaptive gambling that usually disrupts their personal life, and frequently interferes with their work as well. Some individuals develop severe financial problems, resulting in personal bankruptcy, and others engage in criminal activity to cover their financial losses (such as embezzlement). This does not include uncontrolled gambling that occurs as part of a manic episode.
There are some social differences in the pathological gambling patterns of men and women. Men usually begin a pathological gambling pattern during their teen years, while women are more likely to develop the problem when they are older.
Pathological gamblers frequently need to increase their risk to stay involved. They have often tried to stop without success, and tend to gamble as an escape from problems. In particular, they may gamble to relieve depression. They may commit illegal acts to hide their losses, and frequently "chase" their losses by making bigger bets to "get even." They may endanger their job or their family relationships because of this problem, and they will probably lie about the extent of their gambling.
This calls for psychotherapy, especially for the underlying depression.
TRICHOTILLOMANIA - Pulling out your own hair habitually, to the point of seeing noticeable hair loss, and experiencing pleasure or tension relief from the behavior. This does not include hair loss as a result of medical conditions, and the disorder must result in clinical distress or impairment in life functioning.
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Domestic Violence
Kleptomania
Pyromania
Pathological Gambling
Trichotillomania
.
INTERMITTENT EXPLOSIVE DISORDER - Episodes of aggressive outbursts resulting in either destruction of property or physical assaults on others. Typically, this problem results in legal problems as well, because the individual is often charged with assault, or a domestic violence charge.
Loss of control is an essential feature of this disorder. The individual, usually male, has had several incidents of losing control of anger, resulting in aggressive acting out, either by assaulting others, or destroying property. The degree of aggression is always out of proportion to any precipitating factors that might be present (within an argument, for example). Typically, these individuals will not take responsibility for their loss of control, instead blaming the victim, other circumstances in their life, or some third party who may have told them something or said something that "caused" their uncontrolled anger. Lack of control is a central part of the problem, and inability to accept responsibility for the aggression helps to alleviate guilt. It also prevents the individual from making any changes.
This calls for anger management techniques as well as discovering a way to deflect the anger so that it can be controlled.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE - Domestic violence is a particular form of Intermittent Explosive Disorder, because often these individuals only lose control within the context of a close interpersonal relationship. However, many of these individuals have a generalized anger management problem, but control it better outside their own home. The criteria for a diagnosis of intermittent explosive disorder are almost always present in domestic violence situations, except when the violence occurs only in conjunction with substance abuse or intoxication. In those situations, the individual usually meets the criteria for a substance abuse diagnosis. Sometimes, intoxication is also a form of not accepting blame. The individual may choose to become intoxicated prior to a confrontation. This may be because of an inability to confront others. The intoxication removes normal social restraints, and also gives the individual an excuse for loss of control.
Individuals who only lose control within relationships often attach tremendous emotional ultimatums to those relationships. If a person believes that loss of a relationship will doom them forever, then their reaction may be consistent with that belief, even if the belief is false. There are other factors influencing domestic violence that do not always occur in other social conflicts. Within a relationship, each spouse may have specific role expectations for the other spouse. That is, a man may expect his wife to behave a certain way, to think a certain way, and to respond a certain way to him. These expectations may be immature and/or irrational, although commonly held within his social group. These expectations may also serve to increase the emotional tension in the relationship, so that it surpasses his level of control. Since these expectations may not exist in other relationships, he may be able to maintain control outside of the marital relationship.
This is found that the victims of domestic violence rarely receive adequate psychological treatment, because they are viewed as criminals, rather than individuals with psychological problems. Because denial is often a major component of this problem, the power of the courts may act as a motivating factor to move the person into treatment, but will seldom stop the behavior without treatment. The men who cannot control their anger have a number of psychological issues that require treatment, and that this is a mental health issue, not a criminal one. It calls for stress management, and cognitive therapy to change the irrational belief system that triggers the violent behavior.
KLEPTOMANIA - This impulse control problem involves the compulsive stealing of items not needed for their monetary value. Usually, the items are not stolen to express anger or vengeance. There is usually a feeling of tension before stealing, and a sense of pleasure at the time of the theft.
A common misconception is that kleptomania is present in career thieves. This is generally not the case. Some people steal because they have no regard for the laws of society (Conduct Disorder in children and adolescents or Antisocial Personality Disorder in adults). Others may steal out of need or desperation (Adjustment Disorder with conduct disturbance). Still others steal to support a substance abuse problem (the diagnosis would be Substance Abuse).
This is a relatively rare problem, and occurs with a much higher incidence in women than in men. It is also out of character, or as psychologists describe it, ego dystonic. This means that the person does not want to steal, and feels guilty about the behavior. In fact, other than the focus on an illegal act, this disorder has many features in common with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. The essential difference is that, in addition to functioning as an anxiety release, the compulsive behavior in kleptomania also results in a temporary gratification.
PYROMANIA - This psychological problem primarily involves setting fires for pleasure, and experiencing a sense of relief or gratification from the experience. This does not include fires set for monetary gain, to hide criminal activity, or to express anger. The individual usually has a significant fascination with fire.
Additionally, pyromania is not diagnosed when the fire setting activity is part of another psychological problem, such as Conduct Disorder in children, or part of a psychotic process in Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder. This is a very rare problem, and it is usually episodic, occurring infrequently.
PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING - This impulse control problem consists in persistent maladaptive gambling that creates serious life problems for the individual. This is different from recreational gambling, and is diagnosed by the impact it has on your life, and by the lack of control, rather than the amount of money gambled or lost.
Individuals with this problem engage in recurrent maladaptive gambling that usually disrupts their personal life, and frequently interferes with their work as well. Some individuals develop severe financial problems, resulting in personal bankruptcy, and others engage in criminal activity to cover their financial losses (such as embezzlement). This does not include uncontrolled gambling that occurs as part of a manic episode.
There are some social differences in the pathological gambling patterns of men and women. Men usually begin a pathological gambling pattern during their teen years, while women are more likely to develop the problem when they are older.
Pathological gamblers frequently need to increase their risk to stay involved. They have often tried to stop without success, and tend to gamble as an escape from problems. In particular, they may gamble to relieve depression. They may commit illegal acts to hide their losses, and frequently "chase" their losses by making bigger bets to "get even." They may endanger their job or their family relationships because of this problem, and they will probably lie about the extent of their gambling.
This calls for psychotherapy, especially for the underlying depression.
TRICHOTILLOMANIA - Pulling out your own hair habitually, to the point of seeing noticeable hair loss, and experiencing pleasure or tension relief from the behavior. This does not include hair loss as a result of medical conditions, and the disorder must result in clinical distress or impairment in life functioning.
Monday, April 14, 2008
Subconscious brain and Hypnosis
I was checking out the articles on the way the subsonscious brain works and found out the intersting writings from Loretta Peters-Martin, a certified Clinical hypnotherapist and Life coach which points towards the situations when you missed an exit off the freeway or taken a wrong turn because your mind wandered somewhere else. She mentioned Daydreaming as a form of hypnosis that can happen to us any point of time during the day or night and a fresh idea comes in mind or remember to calendar something that we had forgotton. She mentioned that hypnosis is not a form of mind control. No one can hypnotize anyone into doing anything that is against his or her morals or ethics, and no one can be hypnotized into doing something that they do not want to do. We all experience some form of hypnosis every day - chopping veggies, driving or exercising. When we are in a state of hypnosis, our conscious mind is relaxed and our subconscious mind is susceptible to suggestion, while simultaneously we are very aware of our surroundings and what is happening.
We have a left-brain and a right-brain. The left brain is our logical mind - the one that says: "Don't touch the stove; you'll get burned," "I have to go to work today," or "Pick up the dry cleaning." The right brain is the creative mind - the subconscious mind and the place where the inner child resides. Our subconscious mind has a 10 year-old mentality. It stops growing by the age of 10, and that is why our dreams can be strange and symbolic. It is so the subconscious brain (the inner child) can understand and process. Like kids do take in everything literally.
Here is an example given by Loretta Peters-Martin of how children (and our subconscious minds) take things literally and she said, when she was a little girl, she was an Army brat and used to moved around a great deal to places like Germany, Texas and Georgia. When she was 5 and her younger brother was 4, she lived in Ft. Benning, Georgia and played with a friend their age - a little girl whose mom was Caucasian and whose dad was African-American. That was her first experience around a "mixed" child - i.e., the beautiful olive skin, the green eyes and the curly blonde hair. One day her mom said to her brother and her that the child was hateful. As an adult, she knew what her mom meant by that, as the little girl had some sneaky, vindictive ways about her. However, her little 5 year-old mind understood that to be: "Mixed children are hateful." For a long time after that, she used to think all "mixed" kids were hateful.
That is how the little child's mind works? The right brain - the subconscious mind - is where all of our experiences and memories are stored from childhood.
Most everyone has suppressed emotions from childhood. Even if we grew up in a functional family, we can still suppress issues and hold experiences in our subconscious minds. For instance, here are a couple of other examples that the author presented on how the subconscious mind works:
Take the African-American male who was one of the top salespeople in his company, but he couldn't make it to the number one slot. Whenever he got close, he felt something sabotaging him - pulling him back. He dreamt of making 6 digits a year and having his own company. What came up for him during hypnosis was the suppressed statement his mother made to him when he was a young boy: "Son, you'll excel at everything you do, but you'll never have what rich white men have." Do you see how the young subconscious mind can be affected?
Take the woman who has been married and divorced 5 times - in and out of relationships. Each time she was in a great relationship, she would do something to sabotage it. What came up for her during hypnosis was a memory of helping her mom with the dishes when she was a little girl. Her parents just had a little argument. It was nothing major. They were simply miffed at each other. The mother stated to her: "Don't ever trust men - they're not worth the trouble." Do you see how she was subconsciously sabotaging herself all those years just to keep from trusting men?
Hence, In order to have the lives we desire, we must release the gunk. Hypnosis is an excellent way of releasing false beliefs we accepted as children. It is a powerful tool for releasing old concepts and belief systems which no longer serve us.
We have a left-brain and a right-brain. The left brain is our logical mind - the one that says: "Don't touch the stove; you'll get burned," "I have to go to work today," or "Pick up the dry cleaning." The right brain is the creative mind - the subconscious mind and the place where the inner child resides. Our subconscious mind has a 10 year-old mentality. It stops growing by the age of 10, and that is why our dreams can be strange and symbolic. It is so the subconscious brain (the inner child) can understand and process. Like kids do take in everything literally.
Here is an example given by Loretta Peters-Martin of how children (and our subconscious minds) take things literally and she said, when she was a little girl, she was an Army brat and used to moved around a great deal to places like Germany, Texas and Georgia. When she was 5 and her younger brother was 4, she lived in Ft. Benning, Georgia and played with a friend their age - a little girl whose mom was Caucasian and whose dad was African-American. That was her first experience around a "mixed" child - i.e., the beautiful olive skin, the green eyes and the curly blonde hair. One day her mom said to her brother and her that the child was hateful. As an adult, she knew what her mom meant by that, as the little girl had some sneaky, vindictive ways about her. However, her little 5 year-old mind understood that to be: "Mixed children are hateful." For a long time after that, she used to think all "mixed" kids were hateful.
That is how the little child's mind works? The right brain - the subconscious mind - is where all of our experiences and memories are stored from childhood.
Most everyone has suppressed emotions from childhood. Even if we grew up in a functional family, we can still suppress issues and hold experiences in our subconscious minds. For instance, here are a couple of other examples that the author presented on how the subconscious mind works:
Take the African-American male who was one of the top salespeople in his company, but he couldn't make it to the number one slot. Whenever he got close, he felt something sabotaging him - pulling him back. He dreamt of making 6 digits a year and having his own company. What came up for him during hypnosis was the suppressed statement his mother made to him when he was a young boy: "Son, you'll excel at everything you do, but you'll never have what rich white men have." Do you see how the young subconscious mind can be affected?
Take the woman who has been married and divorced 5 times - in and out of relationships. Each time she was in a great relationship, she would do something to sabotage it. What came up for her during hypnosis was a memory of helping her mom with the dishes when she was a little girl. Her parents just had a little argument. It was nothing major. They were simply miffed at each other. The mother stated to her: "Don't ever trust men - they're not worth the trouble." Do you see how she was subconsciously sabotaging herself all those years just to keep from trusting men?
Hence, In order to have the lives we desire, we must release the gunk. Hypnosis is an excellent way of releasing false beliefs we accepted as children. It is a powerful tool for releasing old concepts and belief systems which no longer serve us.
Brain talks when you sleep
I had realized lately that i had some things to talk and i guess this is a good place to do that and i appreciate people to comment and share their thoughts as well.
I had realized this back in childhood that the animal (including Human) brain talks a whole lot and they talk when the rest of the flesh and blood sleep. I guess some of you know what i am talking about, the Sub-Conscious Brain and mine talks a lot. Yours do? The most importantly, they effect your conciousness. Dreams are daughter of these brain-talks that it does all through day and night and daydreams.
Anyways, i am going to talk it all out here now on and have no specific thought so i will ofcourse keep variations and would appreciate your efforts to pour in yours.
No harm is intended to anyone living or dead, its just thoughts and they fly on their own.
I had realized this back in childhood that the animal (including Human) brain talks a whole lot and they talk when the rest of the flesh and blood sleep. I guess some of you know what i am talking about, the Sub-Conscious Brain and mine talks a lot. Yours do? The most importantly, they effect your conciousness. Dreams are daughter of these brain-talks that it does all through day and night and daydreams.
Anyways, i am going to talk it all out here now on and have no specific thought so i will ofcourse keep variations and would appreciate your efforts to pour in yours.
No harm is intended to anyone living or dead, its just thoughts and they fly on their own.
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